8/18/2023 0 Comments Peaceful middle eastern countriesNumerous wars and acts of violence between Arabs and Jews have ensued since the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. As part of the temporary armistice agreement, the West Bank became part of Jordan, and the Gaza Strip became Egyptian territory. 1948 Arab-Israeli Warįollowing the announcement of an independent Israel, five Arab nations-Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon-immediately invaded the region in what became known as the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.Ĭivil war broke out throughout all of Israel, but a cease-fire agreement was reached in 1949. While this historic event seemed to be a victory for Jews, it also marked the beginning of more violence with the Arabs. In May 1948, Israel was officially declared an independent state with David Ben-Gurion, the head of the Jewish Agency, as the prime minister. The United Nations approved a plan to partition Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state in 1947, but the Arabs rejected it. An Arab nationalist movement developed as a result. After the Holocaust and World War II ended, members of the Zionist movement primarily focused on creating an independent Jewish state.Īrabs in Palestine resisted the Zionism movement, and tensions between the two groups continue. Many Jews living in Europe and elsewhere, fearing persecution during the Nazi reign, found refuge in Palestine and embraced Zionism. Another 40,000 settled in the area between 19. Between 18, about 35,000 Jews relocated to Palestine. Massive numbers of Jews immigrated to the ancient holy land and built settlements. Zionists wanted to reestablish a Jewish homeland in Palestine. In the late 19th and early 20th century, an organized religious and political movement known as Zionism emerged among Jews. West Bank: A territory that divides part of modern-day Israel and Jordan.Golan Heights: A rocky plateau between Syria and modern-day Israel.Gaza Strip: A piece of land located between Egypt and modern-day Israel.Much of the conflict in recent years has centered around who is occupying the following areas: It contains the Temple Mount, which includes the holy sites al-Aqsa Mosque, the Western Wall, the Dome of the Rock and more. The complex hostility between the two groups dates all the way back to ancient times when they both populated the area and deemed it holy.īoth Jews and Muslims consider the city of Jerusalem sacred. Throughout Israel’s long history, tensions between Jews and Arab Muslims have existed. The British controlled Palestine until Israel, in the years following the end of World War II, became an independent state in 1947. Arabs vehemently opposed the Balfour Declaration, concerned that a Jewish homeland would mean the subjugation of Arab Palestinians. The Balfour Declaration and the British mandate over Palestine were approved by the League of Nations in 1922. When World War I ended in 1918 with an Allied victory, the 400-year Ottoman Empire rule ended, and Great Britain took control over what became known as Palestine (modern-day Israel, Palestine and Jordan). The British government hoped that the formal declaration-known thereafter as the Balfour Declaration-would encourage support for the Allies in World War I. In 1917, at the height of the war, British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour submitted a letter of intent supporting the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The Balfour Declarationįrom 1517 to 1917, what is today Israel, along with much of the Middle East, was ruled by the Ottoman Empire.īut World War I dramatically altered the geopolitical landscape in the Middle East. In 568 B.C., the Babylonians conquered Jerusalem and destroyed the first temple, which was replaced by a second temple in about 516 B.C.įor the next several centuries, the land of modern-day Israel was conquered and ruled by various groups, including the Persians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Fatimids, Seljuk Turks, Crusaders, Egyptians, Mamelukes, Islamists and others. In about 931 B.C., the area was divided into two kingdoms: Israel in the north and Judah in the south.Īround 722 B.C., the Assyrians invaded and destroyed the northern kingdom of Israel. His son, who became King Solomon, is credited with building the first holy temple in ancient Jerusalem. King David ruled the region around 1000 B.C. The word Israel comes from Abraham’s grandson, Jacob, who was renamed “Israel” by the Hebrew God in the Bible. According to the text, Israel’s origins can be traced back to Abraham, who is considered the father of both Judaism (through his son Isaac) and Islam (through his son Ishmael).Ībraham’s descendants were thought to be enslaved by the Egyptians for hundreds of years before settling in Canaan, which is approximately the region of modern-day Israel. Much of what scholars know about Israel’s ancient history comes from the Hebrew Bible.
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